Application of a multi‐temporal,LiDAR‐derived,digital terrain model in a landslide‐volume estimation     

Chih‐Ming Tseng  Ching‐Weei Lin  Colin P. Stark  Jin‐Kin Liu  Li‐Yuan Fei  Yu‐Chung Hsieh 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(13):1587-1601

Sediments produced by landslides are crucial in the sediment yield of a catchment, debris flow forecasting, and related hazard assessment. On a regional scale, however, it is difficult and time consuming to measure the volumes of such sediment. This paper uses a LiDAR‐derived digital terrain model (DTM) taken in 2005 and 2010 (at 2 m resolution) to accurately obtain landslide‐induced sediment volumes that resulted from a single catastrophic typhoon event in a heavily forested mountainous area of Taiwan. The landslides induced by Typhoon Morakot are mapped by comparison of 25 cm resolution aerial photographs taken before and after the typhoon in an 83.6 km² study area. Each landslide volume is calculated by subtraction of the 2005 DTM from the 2010 DTM, and the scaling relationship between landslide area and its volume are further regressed. The relationship between volume and area are also determined for all the disturbed areas (V_L = 0.452A_L^1.242) and for the crown areas of the landslides (V_L = 2.510A_L^1.206). The uncertainty in estimated volume caused by use of the LiDAR DTMs is discussed, and the error in absolute volume estimation for landslides with an area >10⁵ m² is within 20%. The volume–area relationship obtained in this study is also validated in 11 small to medium‐sized catchments located outside the study area, and there is good agreement between the calculation from DTMs and the regression formula. By comparison of debris volumes estimated in this study with previous work, it is found that a wider volume variation exists that is directly proportional to the landslide area, especially under a higher scaling exponent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydrological characteristics of vegetated river flows: a laboratory flume study     

John Z. Shi  Yan-Hong Li  Jocelyne M.R. Hughes  Ming Zhao 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):1047-1058

Abstract

Laboratory flume experiments were undertaken to measure the vertical profiles of mean flow velocity for three different flow discharges and four different stem densities of Hydrilla verticillata. The data were used to calculate three parameters, namely Manning's roughness coefficient, the Reynolds number and the Froude number. In addition, empirical equations were obtained for the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity within the transitional zone and above the plant canopy. The results show that: (a) the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity exhibits three zone profiles; (b) Manning's roughness coefficient decreases with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity; (c) the relationship between Manning's roughness coefficient and the depth-averaged flow velocity is within the smooth left inverse curve; (d) Manning's roughness coefficient significantly changes with increasing density of Hydrilla; (e) the Froude number is independent of the density of Hydrilla; and (f) both the Reynolds number and the Froude number increase with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity.

Citation Shi, J.Z., Li, Y.-H., Hughes, J.M.R., and Zhao, M., 2013. Hydrological characteristics of vegetated river flows: a laboratory flume study. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (5), 1047–1058.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz  相似文献   

Simulation and control of the linked systems of water quantity–water quality–socio-economics in the Huaihe River basin     

Ming Dou  Qiting Zuo  Junxia Ma  Guiqiu Li 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):763-774

Abstract

This work makes explicit an algebraic expression giving the matrix of transient influence coefficients associated with a one-dimensional semi-confined aquifer model. The domain studied is divided into a series of connected and completely mixed compartments over which the governing equation is discretized. The discrete equations obtained are solved for the compartmental hydraulic head and used to derive the algebraic expression in question. The basic properties of the so-called algebraic influence coefficients are investigated. In particular, their consistency with the exact Green function is highlighted. Finally, the newly derived influence coefficients are applied to a simplified aquifer system in order to formulate and solve the problem of identifying illegal groundwater pumping.  相似文献   

刍议《重庆历史地图集·第一卷古地图》的设计思想     

熊明  郑运松  颜宇  白轶多  肖城龙  李哲 《测绘通报》2013,(12):105-108

介绍了图集的基本情况及当前编纂出版历史地图集的不足,以此为基础提出了本图集内容选录的特点。重点对《重庆历史地图集·第一卷古地图》中涉及的内容、结构、文字符号化、版式及各元素设计思想作了全面的阐述,并将这些设计思想应用于本图集,取得了较好的效果。最后,总结了图集设计的创新点,为今后其他省市编制相关的图集作参考。  相似文献   

Optimization of land use structure based on ecological GREEN equivalent     

Liu Yanfang  Ming Dongping  Yang Jianyu 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):60-67

Optimization of land use structure consists of economic and social and ecological optimization. Applying the minds of system engineering and principles of ecology, this paper presents such thoughts: the optimal forest-coverage rate calculated according to the reality of a district is set as main standard of ecological rationality in the district; through considering the value of ecosystem services of the land with GREEN equivalent (mainly cultivated land and grassland) and based on the rule, GREEN equivalent, this paper introduces the area conversion between woodland and cultivated land, also between woodland and grassland; this paper establishes a multi-dimension controlling model of optimization of land use structure. In addition, a multi-objective linear programming model for optimization of land use structure is designed. In the end, this paper tests and verifies this theory of ecological optimization, taking Qionghai city in Hainan Province as an example.  相似文献   

Building extraction from LIDAR based semantic analysis     

Yu Jie  Yang Haiquan  Tan Ming  Zhang Guoning 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):281-284

Extraction of buildings from LIDAR data has been an active research field in recent years. A scheme for building detection and reconstruction from LIDAR data is presented with an object-oriented method which is based on the buildings' semantic rules. Two key steps are discussed: how to group the discrete LIDAR points into single objects and how to establish the buildings' semantic rules. In the end, the buildings are reconstructed in 3D form and three common parametric building models (flat, gabled, hipped) are implemented.  相似文献   

反射率因子和径向速度共同约束反演多普勒雷达风场   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩丰  魏鸣  李南  常亚楠 《遥感学报》2013,17(3):578-589

多普勒雷达可以提供降水回波区的风场信息。为了充分运用雷达资料分析中小尺度天气过程,本文假设反射率因子在短时间内的运动满足拉格朗日守恒,提出了采用连续两次的反射率因子回波和径向速度数据共同约束的方法来反演风场,在反演过程中避免了对径向速度的分布进行假设。针对连续两个时次之间反射率回波运动中产生的不同程度的误差做了模拟风场试验,结果表明,当回波运动随机误差不超过40%时,反演结果较为可靠。另外,本文还利用此风场反演方法进行两次中尺度天气过程的实例分析。结果表明,该方法反演的风场与实际风场结构相符,具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

基于GIS的油田站控组态软件研究与实践     

童铭  史英侠  熊亮  贾亚梅 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(Z1):176-178

针对油田联合站的主要工艺流程、生产要求及自动化仪表的配置情况,在现有力控组态软件的基础上,探讨了一种利用GIS技术特点的组态图应用模式,结合组态软件采集的实时生产数据,结合GIS化的工艺流程,为油田各级领导提供宏观与微观的生产状态展示与分析,辅助生产决策。  相似文献   

地震信息安全管理现状及策略研究          下载免费PDF全文

郝柽  杨立庭  洪敏  赵林林  高永国 《地震工程学报》2013,35(S1):201-205

随着网络和信息技术的发展,信息安全建设已经成为信息化建设的重要组成部分。网络信息安全问题已经上升为一个关系到国家前途的战略高度的问题。信息安全这门处于蓬勃发展中的科学,将会越来越密切地关系到社会的各行各业。本文分析了地震信息安全管理的现状,并着重讨论了加强地震信息安全管理的策略。  相似文献   

全国主要构造区GPS水平运动负位错反演与应变积累特性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张希  郝明  贾鹏  崔笃信 《地震研究》2013,36(1):1-8

利用2009～2011年全国GPS水平运动速度场资料,借助负位错反演,寻找新疆、青藏块体东北缘、川滇、华北地区主要活动断裂能量积累闭锁段,研究其积累速率、闭锁深度、分区分段差异性,及与强震孕育—发生的可能关系。结果表明:(1)新疆天山地区应变积累速率最强,平均闭锁深度也最深,约20.9km。其次为川滇地区,平均深度约16.3km。青藏块体东北缘存在一定程度应变积累,平均深度约15.7km。华北地区应变积累最弱,平均深度约16.0km;(2)南天山西段、川滇交界东部、红河断裂中段至滇西、祁连山断裂带西段、西秦岭北缘断裂甘青交界段、晋冀蒙交界区近期能量积累相对显著。  相似文献